Introduction
The C and C languages and runtimes are one of the most common development frameworks for packages in fedora. As such there is a wide variety of quality, style, and convention in all of those packages. The follow document provides best practice for certain aspects of C and C packaging.
Packaging
BuildRequires and Requires
If your application is a C or C application you must list a `BuildRequires` against `gcc`, `gcc-c` or clang. Those packages will include everything that is required to build a standards conforming C or C++ application.
If your library includes standard C or C headers, you must list `BuildRequires` against `gcc`, `gcc-c, or `clang to install the needed standards conforming headers.
If at runtime you use cpp to process C or C language headers then you have no choice but to use `Requires` for `gcc`, `gcc-c, or `clang to install the required headers for a standard conforming C or C application. In the future this might change if a set of standard C or C language headers are provided by a special-purpose provides e.g. c-headers or c++-headers.
You need not include a BuildRequires or Requires on glibc-headers, or any other core C or C implementation package unless you have a specific and special need e.g. static compilation requires the `.*-static` library packages e.g. `BuildRequires: glibc-static`. The default use case of a dynamically compiled C or C application is taken care of by the gcc, gcc-c++, and clang packages.
Please refer to Packaging:Guidelines Compiler for the list of supported compilers for C and C++ compilers.
Packaging Q&A
Q: Do I need a Requires: glibc to ensure I have the C runtime installed for my application?
A: No. RPM will automatically determine what ELF libraries you need based on the binaries in your package. This is sufficient to cause glibc to be installed.
Q: Do I need to include a Requires: libgcc?
A: If you are using an API from libgcc directly, then yes, you must have a Requires: libgcc. In general though glibc requires libgcc, so it is always installed.
Libraries
Libraries should have unique shared object names (SONAMEs via -Wl,-soname=libfoo.so) that do not conflict with other library SONAMEs used in the distribution. For example there should be only one libfoo.so in the distribution. The exception is when there are multiple implementations of the same library libfoo.so provided by different authors and each conflicts with the other. In this case both libfoo.so must provide exactly the same interface, but with a different implementation. Having two libfoo.so each with a different API is bad practice and makes it harder to package and distribute those packages.
Libraries should version all of their symbols using a version script. Versioning allows the library to avoid changing the SONAME when the API changes and instead compatibility functions can be written to provide backwards compatibility for older applications.